-
- Polish Information Processing Society
Proceedings of the International Multiconference on Computer Science and
Information Technology
Volume 2
October 15–17, 2007. Wisła, Poland
ISSN 1896-7094
Workshop on Agent Based Computing IV
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A Practical Approach for Researching Trading Agents' Behavior in a CDA Environment
140
Software Simulation, Agent-Based Computational Economics, Estimation of Bidding Strategy
Galina Ilieva,
pages 3 – 12.
Show abstract
During the last decade, there has been a huge increase in the volume of Internet business transactions which in turn led to the emergence of a new field of scientific research - agent-based computational economics. In order to be able to conduct successful transactions, agents must have appropriate strategies to participate in trading negotiations. This paper is aimed at investigating the process of multi-agent negotiations in continuous double auction (CDA) and describes one possible approach for solving the problem of resource allocation in a distributed computational environment. Our goal is to present a new software tool for e-auctions simulation and to investigate bidding agents’ strategies. Via a series of experiments we prove that this new software application sufficiently models the process of making transactions in CDA. We propose a new method for quick and reliable strategy comparisons. Using this novel method, we can choose a bidding strategy that ensures the most effective resource allocation.
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A Common Base for Building Secure Mobile Agent Middleware Systems
158
Mobile Agents, Security, Mobile Agent Middleware
Guido van 't Noordende, Benno Overeinder, Reinier Timmer, Frances Brazier, Andrew Tanenbaum,
pages 13 – 25.
Show abstract
The Agent Operating System (AOS) provides the basic functionality needed
for secure and reliable mobile agent platforms: support for secure
communication, secure agent storage and migration, and minimal primitives
for agent life-cycle management. Designed as a layer between local
operating systems and higher level agent platform middleware, it
supports interoperability between agent platforms and between different
implementations of AOS itself.
AOS has been tested on interoperability, both with regard
to different higher-layer middleware platforms and
interoperability between two implementations of AOS in C++ and Java.
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Abstract software migration architecture towards agent middleware interoperability
155
Mobile Agents, Interoperability, IEEE-FIPA, migration, abstract implementation, JADE, AgentScape
Jordi Cucurull, Benno J. Overeinder, Michel A. Oey, Joan Borrell, Frances M.T. Brazier,
pages 27 – 37.
Show abstract
Agent mobility is the ability of an agent to migrate from one
location to another. So far, there are several difficulties with
agents' migration due to the lack of interoperability among agent
middleware that is distributed over the net.
In this paper, an abstract software migration architecture is
presented, which is the first step towards full agent middleware
interoperability. With this architecture, the process of migrating an
agent is uniformly defined for multiple middleware, leaving the
agent execution environment' standards as a future research.
To validate the suggested abstract migration, the
architecture has been successfully implemented over two different
agent middleware: JADE and AgentScape.
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Overview of an approach for a Web based Mobile Agent architecture
38
mobile agents, web, infrastructure
Marius Feldmann,
pages 39 – 45.
Show abstract
Abstract. The paper describes an approach for establishing a mobile agent architecture in the Web. This architecture makes use of currently much discussed interaction principles and the document centric constitution of the Web. It builds out an abstraction layer useful for mobile agent execution and allows realizing various feasible Web applications following the mobile agent principle.
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Utilization of Software Agents and Web Services as Transducers for
Legacy Software; Case Study Based on an SMTP Server
175
Web Services, Agent-based Computing, Legacy Software, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Efficiency
Michal Oglodek, Maciej Gawinecki, Marcin Paprzycki,
pages 47 – 57.
Show abstract
There exists a number of ways in which legacy software can be “wrapped” to become interoperable. Two of currently more popular of them are utilization of Web Services and software agents. The aim of this paper is to experimentally compare efficiency of JADE implemented agents, with Web Services, when used as transducers for an SMTP server.
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An Architecture for Resource Bounded Agents
157
intelligent agent architecture, active logic, inductive logic programming, learning
Slawomir Nowaczyk, Jacek Malec,
pages 59 – 69.
Show abstract
We study agents situated in partially observable environments, who
do not have sufficient resources to create conformant (complete)
plans. Instead, they create plans which are conditional and partial,
execute or simulate them, and learn from experience to evaluate
their quality. Our agents employ an incomplete symbolic deduction
system based on Active Logic and Situation Calculus for reasoning
about actions and their consequences. An Inductive Logic Programming
algorithm generalises observations and deduced knowledge so that the
agents can choose the best plan for execution.
We describe an architecture which allows ideas and solutions from
several subfields of Artificial Intelligence to be joined together
in a controlled and manageable way. In our opinion, no situated
agent can achieve true rationality without using at least logical
reasoning and learning. In practice, it is clear that pure logic is
not able to cope with all the requirements put on reasoning, thus
more domain-specific solutions, like planners, are also
necessary. Finally, any realistic agent needs a reactive module to
meet demands of dynamic environments.
Our architecture is designed in such a way that those three elements
interact in order to complement each other's
weaknesses and reinforce each other's strengths.
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Employment of mobile multiagent systems for attendance of transaction of distributed database
168
Zofia Kruczkiewicz,
pages 71 – 81.
Show abstract
It is aimed at the limitation of the network traffic which is generated during the realization of two-phase-commit protocol of distributed transactions in distributed database systems. This paper presents the way of the decrease of the number and the way of the diminution of the size of messages sent during distributed transactions as the manner of the limitation of the network traffic. Multiagent system is employed for attendance of confirmation of two-phase distributed transactions. The paper presents the manner of the limitation of the network traffic in multiagent systems as the use of mobile agents as resources managers of databases, static agents as coordinators of transactions and static agents as managers of transactions. These agents communicate via two-phase-commit protocols. The paper presents the performance experiments enabling the comparison of two-phase-commit protocols, the protocol elaborated in the paper and the protocol described in the literature.
2nd International Symposium
Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Applications
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Using Regular Expressions in Translation Memories
109
translation memory,, computer aided translation (CAT), machine translation (MT)
Jacek Gintrowicz, Krzysztof Jassem,
pages 87 – 92.
Show abstract
The paper presents the idea of using regular expressions in translation systems based on translation memories. Regular expressions are used in: search for a match in the instance sentence, search for an appropriate example in the translation memory and in the transfer of the instance sentence into its equivalent. The application of transfer rules to translation memories support the thesis, put forward in the paper, that Machine Translation and Computer-Aided Translation converge into the same direction.
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A Rule--Based Characterization of Clusters of Genes
61
Decision rules, attributes, Gene Ontology, DNA microarrays
Aleksandra Gruca,
pages 93 – 102.
Show abstract
This paper presents a method of using the attribute analysis and the rough sets theory for describing and analyzing the Gene Ontology (GO) composition of clusters of genes obtained in DNA microarray experiments. GO terms are understood as attributes of genes and gene clusters are characterized by decision rules related to attributes. A modification of the known algorithm for computing the decision rules for the information system is proposed, which makes it suitable for large-size problems encountered in the analysis of DNA microarray data. Additionally methods are developed for the assessment of the statistical significance of the computed rules. Presented approach is used for DNA microarray data obtained in experiments of measuring transcriptome response of cells to ionizing radiation. The results of computations are compared with those obtained with the use of GO browsers.
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Open-ended Evolution in Flocking Behaviour Simulation
172
flocking behaviour evolutionary algorithm
Urszula Markowska-Kaczmar, Halina Kwasnicka, Marcin Mikosik,
pages 103 – 120.
Show abstract
In this research we tried to apply open-ended evolution to breed controllers for
artificial organism which would be able to manifest flocking behaviours. In comparison to the previous work in this area the artificial world created in our
system is characterized by significant diversity of organisms. Animals
were equipped with double and dynamic sight, which were suggested by other authors in their works. In experiments, many different behaviours were observed, which were very similar to those in nature, for instance: the escape of herbivore from predators, making herbivores route towards plants or a pursuit of predators after herbivores. Another interesting
behaviour was grouping of predators around plants, where the probability of meeting herbivore is greater than in other places. The most advanced behaviour
was creation of flocks, which was the goal of experiments. The observed motion of animals looked natural. However, to the full success it was necessary to apply steered evolution.
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A Hybrid Clustering Method for General Purpose and Pattern Recognition
169
clustering, k-means, single link, hybrid algorithm, shape identification
Jan W. Owsinski, Mariusz T. Mejza,
pages 121 – 126.
Show abstract
The present short paper outlines a simple hybrid technique of clustering, based on the joint use of k-means and nearest neighbour algorithms. The technique starts with the k-means algorithm, performed as the first stage for an adequately high number of centroids and continues with the nearest neighbour algorithm, executed for the clusters obtained in the first stage, as the set of initial objects to be merged. It is shown on examples how the thus defined technique performs in terms of identification of relatively complex shapes.
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Application of Genetic Algorithm in Median Filtering
37
genetic algorithm, median filtering, optimization
Sandra Sovilj-Nikic, Ivan Sovilj-Nikic,
pages 127 – 139.
Show abstract
Images are often corrupted by impulse noise due to errors generate d in noisy sensors or communication channels. Two types of impulse noise can be defined: 1) fixed-valued and 2) random-valued. In many applications it is very important to remove noise in the images before some subsequent processing such as edge detection, object recognition and image segmentation. In this paper an adaptive filtering using genetic algorithm is proposed. In the simulations over various images, the proposed partition based median (PBM) filter using genetic algorithm in training have demonstrated better results in noise suppressing then competitive filters based on median filtering in terms of SNR(dB) as well as the perceived image quality.
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Linguistic Knowledge Representation for Stochastic Systems
146
Fuzzy modelling, Linguistic variable, Stochastic systems
Anna Walaszek-Babiszewska,
pages 141 – 150.
Show abstract
The paper deals with an idea of a linguistic knowledge representation and a linguistic inference. Relational linguistic fuzzy model with weights of rules is utilising. The probability of linguistic values of antecedent and consequent variables, calculated according to Zadeh’s definition, is proposed to formulate a linguistic fuzzy model of a stochastic system. The linguistic inference procedures and the exemplary MISO model are presented.
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Implementation and evaluation of the fuzzy system for the assessment of cadastre operators' work
156
fuzzy system, operators' work assessment, self-organizing map
Bogdan Trawiński, Tomasz Karczyński,
pages 151 – 160.
Show abstract
The Mamdani fuzzy system for the multi-criteria assessment of cadastral system operators' work is presented in the paper. The system comprises five input criteria: productivity, complexity, quality, availability and report production and was implemented using JAVA. Moreover two alternative methods of assessment were incorporated into the system: first based on self-organizing maps and second employing linear function of input criteria. All three methods of operator assessment were evaluated using actual data taken from one cadastre information centre for the period of 70 weeks.
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Fuzzy contrast enhancement for images in the compressed domain
144
image enhancement, compressed domain, fuzzy algorithm, image processing
Camelia Popa, Aurel Vlaicu, Mihaela Gordan, Bogdan Orza,
pages 161 – 170.
Show abstract
Our objective is to investigate image processing directly in the compressed domain, without full decompression. Compressed domain image processing algorithms provide a powerful computational alternative to classical (pixel level) based implementations. The field is just emerging and the algorithms reported in the literature are mostly based on linear arithmetic operations between pixels. In this paper, the problem of implementing a non-linear operator, using compressed domain processing is addressed. A new algorithm for digital image enhancement, using fuzzy theory, adapted to the frequency content of each coefficient block in the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) encoded JPEG image is developed and proposed.
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A Comparative Analysis of Crossover Variants in Differential Evolution
115
differential evolution, binomial crossover, exponential crossover, control parameters
Daniela Zaharie,
pages 171 – 181.
Show abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of binomial and
exponential crossover in differential evolution. Some theoretical
results concerning the probabilities of mutating an arbitrary
component and that of mutating a given number of components are
obtained for both crossover variants. The differences between
binomial and exponential crossover are identified and the impact
of these results on the choice of control parameters and on the
adaptive variants is analyzed.
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Information Extraction Systems and Nominal Anaphora Analysis Needs
102
information extraction, nominal anaphora, corpus, decision tree
Ireneusz Matysiak,
pages 183 – 192.
Show abstract
This paper presents the needs for anaphora analysis in Information Extraction from practical point of view. It depicts the problem of anaphora phenomenon and its role in texts together with corpus examples. It encloses a short survey of the computational treatment of nominal anaphora. In the end, a uniform approach for nominal anaphora analysis is proposed. Moreover, the paper describes requirements for corpus preparation and framework implementation.
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Adaptive Differential Evolution: Application to Nonlinear Regression
65
Global optimization, differential evolution, self-adaptation of control parameters, nonlinear regression.
Josef Tvrdik,
pages 193 – 202.
Show abstract
Adaptation of control parameters in differential evolution is
considered. Five adaptive variants of differential evolution are
applied to the estimation of parameters in nonlinear regression
models and their performance is compared experimentally with the
adaptive controlled random search algorithm tailored especially for
these problems. The NIST nonlinear regression datasets are used as a
benchmark. Two of five tested variants of adaptive differential
evolution perform almost as reliable as the adaptive controlled
random search algorithm and one of these two variants converges
only slightly slower and its time requirements are almost comparable
with the adaptive controlled random search.
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Color Mining of Images Based on Clustering
101
image, mining, color, clustering
Krzysztof Walczak, Lukasz Kobylinski,
pages 203 – 212.
Show abstract
The increasing size of multimedia databases and the ease of accessing them by a large number of users through the Internet carries a problem of efficient and semantically adequate querying of such content. A metadatabase may be used to shorten query resolution time by trying to limit the number of images being thoroughly analyzed to a smaller subset, having a high probability of finding the query image. In the article we propose a simple but fast and effective method of indexing such image metadatabases. The index is created by describing the images according to their color characteristics, with compact feature vectors, that represent typical color distributions. We present experiment results of typical search schemes by querying the metadatabase index created using a few different approaches.
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Using of a Graph of Action Dependencies for Plans Optimization
100
planning problems, plans optimization, heuristics
Lukáš Chrpa,
pages 213 – 223.
Show abstract
There are a lot of planning techniques which prefer faster
computation of plans instead of quality of these plans. However, in
many cases we do not only need to have a plan which is computed
quickly, but we need to have the plan of good quality as well. This
paper presents a Graph of Action Dependencies as a tool which can be
useful for plans optimization. This approach is very good for
detecting pairs of inverse actions in plans or actions not needed to
acquire a goal etc. Combination of this approach with existing
planners should bring an improvement in acquiring more quality plans
in a short time.
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Manifestation of selective attention in Sigma-if neural network
153
neural networks, classification, selective attention
Maciej Huk,
pages 225 – 236.
Show abstract
Artificial neural networks are a very well known biologically-inspired machine learning technique. This technique has been widely applied in many domains, such as real-time signal filtering, modelling and synthesis, process control and classification (e.g. of images, diseases or star spectra). Other examples of use of neural networks include generation of rules for expert systems and knowledge discovery. However, effective analysis of multidimensional data sets still causes particular difficulties. It has been shown that processing too many data features is costly and has adverse effects on the classification properties of resulting models. Thus, while development of techniques for selecting features from very large data sets is not trivial, it is nonetheless very important.
It can be observed that analogous problems are effectively solved by human low-level distributed selective attention mechanisms. For this reason, building a general (e.g. neural) model of such functionality would provide great benefits for the machine learning domain. This work addresses selective attention functionality found in the recently developed Sigma-if neural network. Experiments show how this selective attention model can reduce data acquisition and processing costs as well as the probability of classification errors.
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Recognition of Structured Collocations in A Inflective Language
151
corpus linguistics, collocation extraction, Polish, lexical-syntactic regularities, pattern recognition
Maciej Piasecki, Bartosz Broda, Magdalena Derwojedowa,
pages 237 – 246.
Show abstract
We present a method of the structural collocations extraction for an inflective language (Polish) based on the process divided into two phases: extraction and filtering of the pairs of wordforms reduced to baseforms and structural annotation of the extracted collocations with lexico-syntactic patterns. The parameters of the patterns are specified manually but their instances are generated and tested on the corpus automatically. The extracted collocations were evaluated by applying them as rules in morpho-syntactic disambiguation of Polish and by comparing them with a lists of two-word expressions extracted from two Polish dictionaries.
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Polish Morphological Guesser Based on a Statistical A Tergo Index
150
morphological guesser, Polish, automatic extraction, corpus linguistics, statistical a tergo index
Maciej Piasecki, Adam Radziszewski,
pages 247 – 256.
Show abstract
We present a direct method of construction of a morpho-syntactic guesser for Polish, which is a program producing morpho-syntactic descriptions for word forms unknown to the morphological analyser. The core of the method is the construction of a statistical a tergo index, in which pseudo-suffixes (endings) extracted by a statistical tree define morpho-syntactic properties of corresponding word forms. The secondary aim was to investigate to what extent it is possible to develop the morphological analyses exclusively on the basis of endings. Experiments in the extraction of a guesser for a domain of texts are also presented. The method can be applied to any other inflectional language with only minor technical changes.
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Computational Efficiency of Suboptimal Nonlinear Predictive Control with Neural Models
82
Model Predictive Control algorithms, neural networks, optimisation, quadratic programming
Maciej Ławryńczuk,
pages 257 – 266.
Show abstract
This paper studies computational efficiency of suboptimal Model
Predictive Control (MPC) with neural models. The algorithm
requires solving on-line only a quadratic optimisation problem.
Considering a nonlinear polymerisation process, for which the
linear MPC algorithm is inadequate, it is shown that the
suboptimal algorithm results in closed-loop control performance
similar to that obtained in the fully-fledged nonlinear MPC
technique, which hinges on non-convex optimisation.
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Improved TBL algorithm for learning context-free grammar
130
grammatical inference, context-free grammar, genetic algorithm
Marcin Jaworski, Olgierd Unold,
pages 267 – 274.
Show abstract
In this paper we introduce some improvements to the tabular representation algorithm (TBL) dedicated to inference of grammars in Chomsky normal form. TBL algorithm uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to solve partitioning problem, and improvements described here focus on this element of TBL. Improvements involve: i nitial population block size manipulation, block delete specialized operator and modified fitness function. The improved TBL algorithm was experimentally proved to be not so much vulnerable to block size and population size, and is able to find the solutions faster.
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Pattern Extraction for Event Recognition in the Reports of Polish Stockholders
152
Event Recognition, rule extraction, Information Extraction, Memory Based Learning
Michał Marcińczuk, Maciej Piasecki,
pages 275 – 284.
Show abstract
In the paper the application of the general Memory Base Learning to Event Recognition in the domain of reports of stock issuers is investigated. A multi-classifier scheme is applied in which the boundaries of annotations are identified first and then a heuristic algorithm of merging into pair is applied. A modified method based only on positive examples is proposed. Several types of simple features requesting only simple processing of text are tested. The proposed method can be trained on a small annotated corpus.
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Collecting Polish-German Parallel Corpora in the Internet
58
parallel corpora
Monika Rosińska,
pages 285 – 292.
Show abstract
Parallel corpora have recently become indispensable resources in multilingual natural language processing. Manual preparation of a bilingual corpus is a laborious task. Therefore methods for the automated creation of parallel corpora are currently a topic of concern for many researches. A number of sophisticated and effective algorithms for collecting parallel texts from the Internet have already been created. The aim of the research has been to verify the efficiency of existing algorithms for the collection of Polish-German parallel corpora, intended as a reference source for a Machine Translation system, and possibly, to propose a new algorithm – best suitable for the task.
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A Rule Based Approach to Temporal Expression Tagging
104
temporal expression recognition and normalisation, tern, local semantics, tagging
Pawel Mazur, Robert Dale,
pages 293 – 303.
Show abstract
In this paper we present the DANTE system, a tagger for
temporal expressions in English documents. DANTE performs both
recognition and normalization of the expressions in accordance with
the TIMEX2 annotation standard. The system is built on modular
principles, with a clear separation between the recognition and
normalisation components. The interface between these components is
based on our novel approach to representing the local semantics of
temporal expressions. DANTE has been developed in two phases: first
on the basis of the TIMEX2 guidelines alone, and then on the ACE 2005 development data.
The system has been evaluated on the ACE 2005 and ACE 2007 data.
Although this is still work in progress, we already achieve highly
satisfactory results, both for the recognition of temporal expressions
and their interpretation (normalisation).
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Truncated Importance Sampling for Reinforcement Learning with Experience Replay
71
Reinforcement Learning, Direct Adaptive Control, Importance Sampling
Paweł Wawrzyński, Andrzej Pacut,
pages 305 – 315.
Show abstract
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is considered here as an adaptation technique of neural controllers of machines. The goal is to make Actor-Critic algorithms require less agent-environment interaction to obtain policies of the same quality, at the cost of additional background computations. We propose to achieve this goal in the spirit of {\it experience replay}. An estimation method of improvement direction of a changing policy, based on preceding experience, is essential here. We propose one that uses truncated importance sampling. We derive bounds of bias of that type of estimators and prove that this bias asymptotically vanishes. In the experimental study we apply our approach to the classic Actor-Critic and obtain $20$-fold increase in speed of learning.
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Adaptive Temporal Planning at Airports
129
temporal planning, plan repair, Simple Temporal Planning, multi-agent planning
Pim van Leeuwen, Lian Ien Oei, Pieter Buzing, Cees Witteveen,
pages 317 – 326.
Show abstract
Airports are getting more and more congested with ground handling
activities during turnaround as one of the most constraining factors.
To alleviate this bottleneck, robustness of the planning of these
activities is of paramount importance. In this paper, we present a
new idea to solve a strategic planning problem in a way that allows
unforeseen, real-time disruptions to be handled in a straightforward and
elegant manner. To that end we apply Hunsberger's decoupling algorithm
to a Simple Temporal Network representation of the ground handling domain.
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Advantages of an Easy to Design Fuzzy Predictive Algorithm: Application to a Nonlinear Chemical Reactor
143
fuzzy control, model predictive control, fuzzy modeling
Piotr Marusak,
pages 327 – 336.
Show abstract
Advantages of a fuzzy predictive control algorithm are discussed in the paper. The discussed fuzzy predictive algorithm is a combination of a DMC (Dynamic Matrix Control) algorithm and Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy modeling inheriting advantages of both techniques. The algorithm is numerically effective. Moreover, information about measured disturbance can be included in it in an easy way. A simple and easy to apply method of fuzzy predictive control algorithms synthesis is presented. The advantages of the fuzzy predictive control algorithm are demonstrated in the example control system of a control plant with difficult dynamics – a nonlinear chemical reactor with inverse response.
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Preferences in Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimisation with Noisy Fitness Functions: Hardware in the Loop Study
147
Evolutionary/Genetic algorithms; Decision making ; Hardware in the loop; Control system design; Electric drive control
Piotr Woźniak,
pages 337 – 346.
Show abstract
Multi-objective optimisation (MOO) is an important class of problem in engineering. The conflict of objectives in MOO places the issue of compromise in a central position. Since no single solution optimises all objectives, decision-making based on human preference is a part in solving MOO problems. In this paper application of the evolutionary MOO to the dynamic system controller design by use of the hardware in the loop is presented. Thanks to this approach problems of un-modelled plant dynamics and uncertainty of parameters are alleviated because no mathematical model is needed. The a-priori search of one solution does not require knowledge of a whole Pareto front.
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On Dimensionality of Latent Semantic Indexing for Text Segmentation
55
Text Segmentation, Latent Semantic Analysis, LSI, Information Retrieval
Radim Rehurek,
pages 347 – 356.
Show abstract
In this paper we propose features desirable of linear text segmentation algorithms for the Information Retrieval domain, with emphasis on improving high similarity search of heterogeneous texts. We proceed to describe a robust purely statistical method, based on context overlap exploitation, that exhibits these desired features. Ways to automatically determine its internal parameter of latent space dimensionality are discussed and evaluated on a data set.
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Information System Based on Natural Language Generation from Ontology
62
ontology semantics dialog
Wojciech Górka, Łukasz Bownik, Adam Piasecki,
pages 357 – 364.
Show abstract
Knowledge, facts and dependencies are usually recorded as texts. This method of gathering knowledge causes a situation when some dependencies between certain concepts are not visible. The ontology-based recording of knowledge enables to easily integrate data from many sources and to determine dependencies between them. In the course of the specific targeted project a computer system was developed. The system (which operates on polish language) gives the user access to information from a wide range of topics. The adopted method of communication is based on a natural language and makes use of information assets accumulated in ontologies.
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Intelligent system for docking ligands to protein active sites
111
molecular docking, computational package
Zbigniew Starosolski, Andrzej Polański,
pages 365 – 374.
Show abstract
We presented computational packed for analysis of interaction of molecular ligand-protein complexes. Packed was invented as an open project allows modyfication in simply manner, composed as set of functional blocks of standardised i/o data. The final information from package can be chosen by user interactive from all signals between blocks. Is based on Matlab high-level language environment that enables to perform other various computational analysis based on Matlab toolboxes. The block diagram of package and an example of its use is presented.
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Integrating Fuzzy Logic and Chaos
83
fuzzy, chaos, integration, chaotification, modeling, fuzzy control
Zhong Li, Wolfgang Halang,
pages 375 – 388.
Show abstract
Motivated by the current studies on the interactions between fuzzy
logic and chaos theory, for instance, fuzzy modeling of chaotic
systems using Takagi-Sugeno (TS) models, linguistic descriptions
of chaotic systems, fuzzy control of chaos, complex fuzzy systems,
and a combination of fuzzy control technology and chaos theory for
an engineering practice, this survey paper aims to provide some
heuristic research achievements and insightful ideas to attract
more attention on the topic, interactions or relationship between
fuzzy logic and chaos theory, which are related at least within
the context of human reasoning and information processing.
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Automatic Form Filling Based on Ontology-Controlled Dialogue With the User
51
ontology semantics dialog
Łukasz Bownik, Wojciech Górka, Adam Piasecki,
pages 389 – 398.
Show abstract
Semantic Web is now one of the most common directions in the IT-oriented research. Here, the focus is put on issues related to the logical layer of semantic applications, i.e. inference methods within constantly broadening ranges of logic as well as standardization of successive languages with increasing logical expressiveness. The article features the solution to the issue of automatic form filling with the use of ontology-controlled dialogue with the user. This solution resulted in the implementation of a universal programming module. Practical application of semantic technologies based on previous achievements in the field, combining the possibilities of inference machines with the flexibility of the RDF language, allows to achieve certain benefits for the users of an IT system. The Authors assume that the reader possesses some basic knowledge in the range of ontology structure as well as the RDF and OWL languages.
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Genetic Techniques in Modeling Visual Aspects of Non-Natural 3D Objects
40
Genetic Algorithm, 3D modeling, Car
Elzbieta Hudyma, Marcin Koszow,
pages 399 – 407.
Show abstract
This paper introduces the idea of using nature-based genetic algorithms to evolve visual aspects of a class of non-natural 3D objects. This pioneer designing approach is presented on example of car models. The problem definition is introduced in genetic algorithms terms and the results of a prototype system are presented. Genetic operators allows users to interactively cross the car models and mutate them. The implemented genetic algorithm is able to generate the models that fits to the provided profile. Alternatively it can be used as a random generator – for creating inspirational car models. More experienced users can directly manipulate the object’s genes. The system renders the effects in a real time and allows to watch the objects in a virtual 3D space. Presented approach can be used as well for other class of customizable objects, for example: clothes, furniture, pieces of architecture, etc.
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An investigation of the mutation operator using different representations in Grammatical Evolution
45
Grammatical Evolution, representation, mutation, locality, binary representation, grey code representation
Jonatan Hugosson, Erik Hemberg, Anthony Brabazon, Michael O'Neill,
pages 409 – 419.
Show abstract
Grammatical evolution (GE) is a form of grammar-based genetic
programming. A particular feature of GE is that it adopts a
distinction between the genotype and phenotype similar to that which
exists in nature by using a grammar to map between the genotype and
phenotype. This study seeks to extend our understanding of GE by
examining the impact of different genotypic representations in order
to determine whether certain representations, and associated
diversity-generation operators, improve GE's efficiency and
effectiveness. Four mutation operators using two different
representations, binary and gray code representation respectively,
are investigated. The differing combinations of representation and
mutation operator are tested on three benchmark problems. The
results provides support for the continued use of the standard
genotypic integer representation as the alternative representations
do not exhibit higher locality nor better GE
performance. The results raise the question as to
whether higher locality in GE actually improves GE performance.
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Knowledge based segmentation of fundus eye images
42
colour image segmentation, knowledge representation, expert systems, rule induction systems, fundus eye images
Leslaw Milosz Pawlaczyk,
pages 421 – 435.
Show abstract
{\it In this article we describe a new method for segmentation of two anatomical
structures visible in fundus eye images: vessels and eye cup. The method is called
Universal Segmentation Scheme (USS) and is based on the knowledge stored in rules of an
expert system (ES) and PNC2 rule induction system. The USS is a general method which
is later adapted for each of the anatomical structures specifically. The results of segmentation
are compared to the ground truth images which show the relative segmentation error.}
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Genetic Programming for Dynamic
Environments
18
Adaptive, Dynamic, Genetic Programming, Option Pricing Application
Zheng Yin, Anthony Brabazon, Conall O'Sullivan, Michael O'Neill,
pages 437 – 446.
Show abstract
Genetic Programming (GP) is an automated computational programming methodology which is inspired by the workings of natural evolution techniques. It has been applied to solve complex problems in multiple application domains. This paper investigates the application of a dynamic form of GP in which the probability of crossover and mutation adapts during the GP run. This allows GP to adapt its diversity-generating process during a run in response to feedback from the fitness function. A proof of concept study is then undertaken on the important real-world problem of options pricing. The results indicate that the dynamic form of GP yields better results than are obtained from canonical GP with fixed crossover and mutation rates. The developed method has potential for implementation across a range of dynamic problem environments.
Computer Aspects of Numerical Algorithms
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Applications of Finite Element Methods in synovial joint numerical calculations
119
Finite Element Methodsm mesh, synovial joint
Anna Kucaba-Piętal, Jarosław Sęp,
pages 449 – 455.
Show abstract
The problem of meshing for numerical calculations of human rapid movement influence on the tribological features of a synovial joint was discussed. The calculations performed pointed out great effectiveness of the ADINA-F solver.
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Molecular Dynamic computer simulations of nanoflows
117
Molecular Dynamic Method, nanoflows, Ewald Sum,
Anna Kucaba-Piętal, Janusz Bytnar, Zbigniew Walenta,
pages 457 – 465.
Show abstract
In this paper we present the results of utilizing scientific computing methodologies to address an engineering problem from nano technologies. In nano and micro-scale, the calculation could only be done with some particle based representation method. One of them is Molecular Dynamics (MD) method. In the paper we describe the construction of the Molecular Dynamics Method and we present some results of the MD simulation of the water nanoflows [13, 14].
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Linking of direct and iterative methods in Markovian models solving
133
Gauss-Seidel method, block Gauss-Seidel method, preconditioning, Markov chains
Beata Bylina, Jaroslaw Bylina,
pages 467 – 477.
Show abstract
An article identifies and assesses an effectiveness of two different methods applied to solve linear equations systems which result while modeling of computer networks and systems with Markov chains. The paper considers both the hybrid of direct methods as well as classic one of iterative methods. Two varieties of Gauss elimination will be considered as an example of direct methods: the LU factorization method and the WZ factorization method. Gauss-Seidel iterative method will be discussed. That issue points in preconditioning and matrix division into blocks where blocks will be solved applying direct methods. The paper presents an impact of liked methods on both time and accuracy of vector probability determining regarding particular networks and computer systems occurring.
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Airfoil shape optimization by coupling computational fluid dynamics with evolutionary multiobjective optimization
177
computatonal fluid dynamic, multiobjective optimization, computational Grid
Daniela Zaharie, Silviu Panica, Marius Stoia-Djeska, Mircea Dragan, Dana Petcu,
pages 479 – 481.
Show abstract
The problem of coupling in an efficient way computational fluid dynamics and evolutionary multiobjective optimization codes in order to solve problems of optimal design is discussed. Both the problem of providing an easy to use framework and that of the computational cost are addressed. Moreover, a user interface was designed to allow the execution of different instances, with respect to the parameters of the evolutionary algorithm, of the combined code on several machines from a Grid infrastructure.
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Comparative Analysis of High Performance Solvers for 3D Elliptic Problems
166
parallel algorithms, PCG method, preconditioner, MIC(0) factorization, circulant, performance
Ivan Lirkov, Yavor Vutov,
pages 483 – 492.
Show abstract
The presented comparative analysis concerns two iterative solvers for
3D linear boundary value problems of elliptic type. After applying the
Finite Difference Method (FDM) or the Finite Element Method (FEM)
discretization a system of linear algebraic equations has to be
solved, where the stiffness matrix is large, sparse and symmetric
positive definite. It is well known that the preconditioned conjugate
gradient method is the best tool for efficient solution of large-scale
symmetric systems with sparse positive definite matrices. Here, the
performance of two preconditioners is studied, namely the Modified
Incomplete Cholesky factorization MIC(0) and the Circulant
Block-Factorization (CBF) preconditioning. Portable parallel codes are
developed based on Message Passing Interface (MPI) standards. The
comparative analysis is mostly based on the execution times to run the
parallel codes. The number of iterations for both preconditioners are
also discussed. The performed numerical tests on parallel computer
systems demonstrate the level of efficiency of the developed
algorithms. The obtained parallel speed-up and efficiency well
illustrate the scope of efficient applications.
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On the computer simulation of heat and mass transfer in vacuum freeze-drying
68
freeze--drying, heat end mass transfer,
ordinary and partial differential equations, Runge--Kutta methods,
heat conduction equation, finite element and finite difference methods
Krassimir Georgiev, Ivan Lirkov, Nikola Kosturski, Svetozar Margenov,
pages 493 – 502.
Show abstract
The paper is devoted to studying the problem of freeze--drying which is
a process of the dehydrating frozen materials by sublimation under high vacuum.
The mathematical and the computer models describing this process are
presented. The discretizations used and the numerical
treatment of the corresponding ordinary and partial differential equations
is discussed. The results of some test experiments and the corresponding analysis can be found.
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Image reconstruction from incomplete data projections by means of iterative algebraic algorithms
56
image reconstruction, iterative algebraic algorithms, computer tomography
Nadiya Gubareni, Mariusz Pleszczynski,
pages 503 – 515.
Show abstract
In this paper we consider the problem of image reconstruction from
incomplete projection data for some particular schemes of
reconstruction. We present the numerical reconstruction algorithms
for image reconstruction of high contrast objects from incomplete
data. Numerical simulation results for a number of modeling objects
with hight contrast are presented and discussed.
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Parallel PCG algorithms for voxel FEM elasticity systems
63
FEM, PCG, MIC(0), AMG, parallel algorithms
Svetozar Margenov, Yavor Vutov,
pages 517 – 526.
Show abstract
The presented comparative analysis concerns two parallel iterative
solvers for large-scale linear systems related to µFEM simulation
of human bones. The benchmark problems represent the
strongly heterogeneous structure of real bone specimens. The voxel
data are obtained by a high resolution computer tomography.
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Non-conforming Rannacher-Turek finite elements are used for discretization
of the considered problem of linear elasticity.
It is well known that the preconditioned
conjugate gradient method is the best tool for efficient solution of
large-scale symmetric systems with sparse, positive definite matrices.
Here, the performance of two parallel preconditioners is studied. Both are
based on displacement decomposition. The first one uses
modified incomplete Cholesky factorization MIC(0) and the other—algebraic
multigrid. The comparative analysis is mostly based on the computing
times to run the codes. The number of iterations for both
preconditioners are also discussed.
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{\bf Keywords:} FEM, PCG, DD, MIC(0), AMG, parallel algorithms.
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Implementing the Conjugate Gradient Method on a grid computer
74
grid computing, large sparse linear systems, GridSolve, Conjugate Gradient Method, resource-aware partitioning
Tijmen Collignon, Martin van Gijzen,
pages 527 – 540.
Show abstract
We study two implementations of the Conjugate Gradient method for solving large sparse linear systems of equations on a heterogeneous computing grid, using GridSolve as grid middleware. We consider the standard CG algorithm of Hestenes and Stiefel, and as an alternative the Chronopoulos/Gear variant, a formulation that is potentially better suited for grid computing since it requires only one synchronisation point per iteration, instead of two for standard CG. The computational work is divided into tasks which are dynamically distributed over the available resources using a resource--aware data partitioning strategy. We present numerical experiments that show lower computing times and better speed--up for the Chronopoulos/Gear variant. We also identify bottlenecks and suggest improvements to GridSolve.
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Automatic First- and Second-Order Adjoints for Truncated Newton
64
Truncated Newton, First- and Second Order Adjoints
Uwe Naumann, Michael Maier, Jan Riehme, Bruce Christianson,
pages 541 – 555.
Show abstract
The analysis and modification of numerical programs in the context of
generating and optimizing adjoint code automatically probably ranges among
the technically and theoretically most challenging source transformation
problems known today. A complete compiler for the target language
(Fortran in our case) is needed to cover the technical side. This amounts
to a mathematically motivated semantic transformation of the source code
that involves the reversal of the flow of data through the program.
Both the arithmetic complexity and the memory requirement can
be substantial for large-scale numerical simulations. Finding the optimal
data-flow reversal schedule turns out to be an NP-complete problem.
The same complexity result applies to other domain-specific peephole
optimizations.
In this paper we present a first research prototype of the NAGWare Fortran
compiler with the ability to generate adjoint code automatically. Moreover,
we discuss an approach to generating second-order adjoint code for use
in Newton-type algorithms for unconstrained nonlinear optimization. While the
focus of this paper is mostly on the compiler issues some information on the
mathematical background will be found helpful for motivational purposes.
7th International Multidiscipinary Conference on Electronic Commerce
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Legal Aspects of Deep Links on the Internet
39
deep linking, search engine, news bulletins
Artur Strzelecki,
pages 559 – 563.
Show abstract
Links are found everywhere and they are these what creates the World Wide Web. Possibility to use the whole network is the essence of polycentric decentralized structure of the Internet. The user may quickly and easily surf web sites. The search engines reach editorial texts and photos presented in the news through deep links. Skipping the home page of a given web site normally means noting lower amount of visits. The amount of visits has an impact on the income from adverts. Problem of an effective defense against unwanted deep links occurs especially in the media where generally contents are protected by copyright. Many e-commerce enterprises want to be on the highest position in the results of searching. Search engines copy up-to-date press news or directly refers to them. There arises dispute over ownership and the aim of using copied information. The article discusses the significance and effects of using deep links in up-to-date press contents coming from the search engines. There are presented practical examples of disputes occurring on the basis of deep links. The author proposes the method of using deep links as a selling propulsion in the news services.
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Application of stochastic processes in Internet survey
127
Internet survey, uncontrolled sample, population, coherent system, estimation, reliability function
Elżbieta Getka-Wilczyńska,
pages 565 – 578.
Show abstract
In this paper Poisson processes and basic methods of the reliability theory are proposed to interpretation, definition and analysis some stochastic properties of process of Internet data collection. At first, the notion of uncontrolled sample is introduced and random size of it is defined as a counting process. At the second, the process of Internet data collection is considered as a life test of the population surveyed. The events which appear in Internet survey are interpreted as a lifetime, arrival, death of the element of the population and the basic characteristics of reliability of the length of the population lifetime are described, calculated and estimated by using the notions and methods of the reliability theory. Keywords: Internet survey, uncontrolled sample, population, coherent system, estimation, reliability function
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Data model standardization for real-time e-commerce
142
real-time markets, systems integration, market modeling
Przemysław Kacprzak, Mariusz Kaleta, Piotr Pałka, Kamil Smolira, Eugeniusz Toczyłowski,
pages 579 – 588.
Show abstract
Real-time activity is important trend rising in e-commerce. Such
kind of activity requires specialized, fully standardized and
integrated market systems. In this paper we present and discuss
basic requirements for real-time e-commerce systems. We also
present M³—Open Multi-commodity Market Data Model, which may
provide flexible and universal market data and communication
models for wide range of markets, and thereby facilitate systems
integration for real-time e-commerce purposes.
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A purchasing power indicators as a tool for predicting market attractiveness for SMEs in a changing currency environment
180
currency fluctuations, SMEs, e-commerce
Jacek Wachowicz,
pages 589 – 596.
Show abstract
E-commerce gave SMEs possibility to act over the international markets. However, this introduced some new threats to business operations. Apart of technological, knowledge, workforce, increased competition they need to face changes of exchange rates and conjuncture fluctuations. This paper presents a concept of simple indicators, which may very quick select markets of a great potential due to financial market changes.
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Even Swaps Method for Developing Assessment Capabilities of E-Negotiation System
35
multiple criteria decision making, even swaps, negotiation support, ENSs
Tomasz Wachowicz,
pages 597 – 606.
Show abstract
One of the features of the e-negotiation systems is the capability to support negotiators in evaluating and comparing the offers. It is usually conducted by means of an additive scoring system, which results in the abstract scores assigned to all the offers. However the process of assigning the scores to the issues and options, required by an additive scoring system, may be perceived by some decision makers as an affected and vague. In the paper we consider thus an alternative approach that basis on the even swaps method. It is a part of multiple attribute decision making methodology called PrOACT, proposed by Hammond, Keeney and Raiffa, and focuses on finding the equivalent amounts as the balances between the unit of one issue with respect to the units of the others. The method is adopted to the negotiation actuality and programmed in a spreadsheet as a prototype software.
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The Brand Equity - Marketing and Financial Approach
53
brand equity, virtual communities, valuing customers on Internet market
Urszula Świerczyńska-Kaczor, Paweł Kossecki,
pages 607 – 613.
Show abstract
The authors emphasize two important issues of the management and measurement of brand equity on the Internet market: creating relationships between company and virtual communities and the process of valuing customers. Strengthening cooperation with virtual societies leads to enhancing brand equity in the areas of brand perception, customer's loyalty and company's reputation. In this way the potential of the company's brand and its portfolio are reinforced. Moreover, the brand equity depends on the value of the customers' base. We propose the method of valuing customers by referring to the level of customers' loyalty and their Customer Lifetime Value.
2nd International Workshop on Secure Information Systems
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Integrated, Business-Oriented, Two-Stage Risk Analysis
60
Information security management, ISMS, Risk analysis
Andrzej Białas, Krzysztof Lisek,
pages 617 – 628.
Show abstract
This paper presents an integrated, business-oriented, two-stage risk analysis method related to the Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) concept. The current state of the work is presented, including risk analysis methods and their implementation. The concept assumes the integration of preliminary overviews as well as high- and low-level risk analyses. High-level risk analysis works with the needs of business processes and presents criticality of these processes. Low-level risk analysis works with assets and selects safeguards in a cost-effective manner. It is assumed that the presented risk analysis concept can be used in other management systems: business continuity and IT services management. The paper concludes the current state of the work and defines its further directions.
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Securing Voice over Internet Protocol
16
VoIP, Security, IPSec, Security Levels, and Media Gateway Control Protocol.
Ahmad Ghafarian, Randolph Draughorne, Steven Grainger, Shelley Hargraves, Stacy High, Crystal Jackson,
pages 629 – 639.
Show abstract
In recent years, there has been significant increase in VoIP and internet telephony usage. The users, whether corporate or individuals are subject to the same security risks that have affected data networks for many years. This is mainly because voice networks are IP-based and all IP protocols for sending voice traffic contain flaws. In this paper, we study the security risks associated with the VoIP including vulnerabilities, man-in-the-middle attack, and denial-of-service. We will also review the protection measure that can be taken to make VoIP more secure, such as authorization, authentication, transport layer security, and media encryption.
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Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection Based on the Junction Tree Algorithm
89
intrusion detection, anomaly-based intrusion detection systems, junction tree algorithm
Evgeniya Nikolova, Veselina Jecheva,
pages 641 – 649.
Show abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for the attacks recognition during the normal activities in the system. Since the proposed approach uses the graphical representation method, we apply the junction tree algorithm (JTA). Some results from the accomplished simulation experiments are submitted as well.
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Model based code generation for fast-deployment security applications
173
integrated security systems, code generation, fast deployment
Gyula Simon, László Szabados, András Tóth,
pages 651 – 660.
Show abstract
A diverse set of sensors and actuators are key components of integrated security systems, which provide protection against various types of attacks and threats. Based on the type of the protected objects and environment the sensor/actuator components can be completely different, and the control logic, which makes decision based on the sensor readings, must be configured to the actual scenario. Short-lifetime security systems require fast and cost effective deployment but the safety requirements are still high. In this paper an architecture and a corresponding model-based code generation scheme is proposed, which provides easy and fast deployment for security applications with various sensory needs.
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Dealing With Network Security in Academic Institutions - a Case Study
134
network security, firewall, IDS, IPS, FortiGate
Ivan Dolezal, Jiri Grygarek, Ondrej Jakl, Karel Krecmer,
pages 661 – 670.
Show abstract
The paper deals with a real-life experience of the authors with their efforts at a radical security improvement of the academic computer networks that they administer at a large university and a medium-sized research institute. The solution, which started in 2004 and is still going on, has been based on hardware multi-threat security appliances with high throughput. The requirements on them included a combination of general purpose Intrusion Prevention System, HTTP/FTP antivirus capabilities and firewall functions. In particular, we describe our experience with the appliances of the FortiGate series, which have been deployed as the best solution available.
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A Joint Meta-Linguistic Taxonomy of Intrusion Detection and Testing / Verification
120
intrusion detection, verification, formal methods, languages, taxonomy
Krzysztof Brzeziński,
pages 671 – 680.
Show abstract
The current research into intrusion detection makes only the marginal use of results obtained by the community concerned with formal verification and testing. To harmonize the ideas and methods used by these two separate disciplines, we develop a discourse space (a taxonomy), in which the linguistic problems common to testing (in particular passive testing) and intrusion detection are captured. It is shown that the currently accepted main intrusion detection paradigms can be described and explained by this taxonomy.
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Picture Passwords Superiority and Picture Passwords Dictionary Attacks
139
graphical authentication, picture passwords superiority, cryptanalysis, dictionary attacks, strong passwords, human factor
Krzysztof Golofit,